We investigated effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on major histocompatibility complex class I gene expression in cultured human hepatoma cells. Ursodeoxycholic acid, which has recently been used for treatment of various autoimmune liver diseases, paradoxically increased mRNA level of major histocompatibility complex class I. However, endogenous bile acids, for example, chenodeoxycholic acid, more strongly increased major histocompatibility complex class I mRNA expression when compared with ursodeoxycholic acid. Concerning interplay between ursodeoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, these bile acids additively induced major histocompatibility complex class I mRNA expression. In contrast, when total concentration of ursodeoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid was kept constant, expression of major histocompatibility complex class I mRNA appeared to be rather decreased in a dose-dependent manner along with increasing ratio of ursodeoxycholic acid. These data might indicate that the beneficial action of ursodeoxycholic acid is related to this relative decrease in major histocompatibility complex class I gene expression.
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