Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) have been considered as potential therapeutic targets in cholangiocarcinoma, but no studies have yet clarified the clinicopathological or prognostic significance of these molecules. Immunohistochemical expression of these molecules was assessed retrospectively in 236 cases of cholangiocarcinoma, as well as associations between the expression of these molecules and clinicopathological factors or clinical outcome. The proportions of positive cases for EGFR, VEGF, and HER2 overexpression were 27.4, 53.8, and 0.9% in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC), and 19.2, 59.2, and 8.5% in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHCC), respectively. Clinicopathologically, EGFR overexpression was associated with macroscopic type (P = 0.0120), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0006), tumour stage (P = 0.0424), lymphatic vessel invasion (P = 0.0371), and perineural invasion (P = 0.0459) in EHCC, and VEGF overexpression with intrahepatic metastasis (P = 0.0224) in IHCC. Multivariate analysis showed that EGFR expression was a significant prognostic factor (hazard ratio (HR), 2.67; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.52-4.69; P = 0.0006) and also a risk factor for tumour recurrence (HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.05-3.39, P = 0.0335) in IHCC. These results suggest that EGFR expression is associated with tumour progression and VEGF expression may be involved in haematogenic metastasis in cholangiocarcinoma.
