The present study examines the urinary chemical parameters related to urolithiasis in healthy female volunteers during premenopause and menopause, and discusses the role of menopause in stone formation. We investigated 24-h urine parameters associated with urinary stones and focused upon estrus status. Participants comprised 30 healthy women, 15 childless, premenopausal women and 15 menopausal women without a history of urolithiasis. Our results showed that menopausal women have lower citrate and higher calcium excretion, which might enhance calcium stone crystallization. We propose that the estrus status of female patients should be considered when evaluating metabolic abnormalities.
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